Raskolnikovs Originality and His Article On Crime Essays

Raskolnikov's Originality and His Article On Crime Raskolnikov's article on crime is vital to the understanding of his beliefs throughout the novel. This article also has such a profound effect on Crime and Punishment as a whole, the subject matter being one of the main themes of the novel. The idea of the "extraordinary man" is referred to very often throughout the book, but also something to note is the subconscious effect that the idea has on Raskolnikov. Sometimes Raskolnikov is not even aware of the influence that this has on him. It is important to note originality, or the ability to "utter a new word," as a defining characteristic of the extraordinary man. In his article on crime, Raskolnikov talks about the importance of uttering a new word, however, the ideas of Pisarev, Nietzsche, and nihilism bring to light the reality that Raskolnikov is not original, does not have a new word to utter, and that lack of originality haunts him throughout the novel. Conflict plays a large role in the novel. "The underlying antithesis of Crime and Punishment, the conflict between the side of reason, selfishness, and pride, and that of acceptance of suffering, closeness to life-sustaining Earth, and love, sounds insipid and platitudinous when stated in such a general fashion as we have done here." (Gibian, 979) The conflict within Raskolnikov is the main source of conflict in the novel. Raskolnikov is torn inside himself: he is a nihilist yet he is not completely a pessimist. The reader must be careful when examining the theme of nihilism in the article and the novel. In many ways Raskolnikov is a nihilist: he doesn't believe in traditional values, he thinks the existence of ordinary people is senseless and only useful in the most simplistic way, and he believes that conditions of the social organization are so bad as to make destruction desirable. Dostoevsky is not preaching nihilism, but warns against the dangers inherent in it, despite seein g the impulses of young radicals, like his Raskolnikov, as self-sacrificing and altruistic. "Pisarev established that identification of radicalism with Nihilism, and hence with the ambition of creating a tabula rasa by total destruction, on which we have seen Dostoevsky drawing in his letter to Katkov." (Frank, 71) In this letter to his friend Katkov, Dostoevsky writes, "you know they are helpless against these stupidities [radical ideology] and take them for perfection." For this reason, Dostoevsky makes Raskolnikov come to the final conclusion that his idea is incompatible with itself - one cannot go about helping humanity through being unkind to everyone, and that he is wrong. "One can draw several important conclusions from this letter to Katkov. Crime and Punishment was originally designed as a shot tale in five or six printed sheets. The author envisioned its theme as something completely independent of The Drunks. It was only later that the story of the Marmeladov family was introduced into Raskolnikov's narrative. From the very moment of its conception this plan to portray a "theoretician-murderer" was divided into two distinct parts: the crime and its causes, and the effects of the crime upon the criminal's soul." (Mochulsky, 273) There is but a small influence of Nietzsche and his theory of superman on the novel. Nietzsche's first published works came in 1865, and they were essays on Aristotle. Nietzsche's first personal theories were seen in 1867, a year after the publication of Crime and Punishment. The theory of the superman is expounded in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, published in 1885. Instead, the inverse is seen, that Dostoevsky had a profound influence on Nietzsche. In separating humanity into the two categories, Nietzsche applauds Caesar, Napoleon, Goethe, Dostoevsky, and the Sophists as healthier and stronger types. To look at the relationship in this new way, it is interesting to see how Raskolnikov might have affected Nietzsche's principles. Nietzsche is a nihilist, like the former Raskolnikov, supposing that we invent "truths" for the purpose of security. Both Raskolnikov and Nietzsche rebel against these truths. Nietzsche's theory of the "will to power" as a cause of one developing his own morals and behavior is seen frequently in Raskolnikov. Although Nietzsche is an atheist, part of his purpose is to draw people

Differences Between Broadsheet and Tabloid Newspapers

Differences Between Broadsheet and Tabloid Newspapers In the world of print journalism, the two main formats for newspapers are broadsheet and tabloid. Strictly speaking, these terms refer to the page sizes of such papers, but the different formats have distinct histories and associations. Discussing the differences between broadsheets and tabloids provides an interesting journalistic journey. History of Broadsheets and Tabloids Broadsheet newspapers first appeared in 18th-century Britain after the government began to tax newspapers based on their number of pages. That made large-format papers with fewer pages cheaper to print than smaller ones with more pages, writes Kath Bates on Oxford Open Learning. She adds: As few people could read to the standard required of those early broadsheet editions, they soon became associated with the aristocracy and more well-to-do businessmen. Even today, broadsheet papers tend to be linked with a higher-minded approach to news-gathering and delivery, with readers of such papers opting for in-depth articles and editorials. Tabloid newspapers, perhaps due to their smaller size, are often associated with shorter, crisper stories. Tabloids date to the early 1900s when they were referred to as small newspapers containing condensed stories easily consumed by everyday readers. Tabloid readers traditionally came from the lower working classes, but that has changed somewhat in the past few decades. The New York Daily News, the most widely circulated tabloid in the United States, for example, had won 11 ​Pulitzer Prizes, journalisms highest honor, as of June 2018. Even with the blurring of clear distinctions between the economic and social classes of their readership, however, advertisers continue to target different markets when buying space in broadsheets and tabloids. What Are Tabloids? In the technical sense, tabloid refers to a newspaper that typically measures 11 by 17 inches- smaller than a broadsheet- and is usually no more than five columns across. Many city dwellers prefer tabloids because they are easier to carry and read on the subway or bus. One of the first tabloids in the U.S. was The New York Sun, started in 1833. It cost only a penny and was easy to carry, and its crime reporting and illustrations proved popular with working-class readers. Tabloids still tend to be more irreverent in their writing style than their broadsheet brothers. In a crime story, a broadsheet will refer to a police officer, while a tabloid will use the term cop. And while a broadsheet might spend dozens of column inches on serious news- say, a major bill in Congress- a tabloid is more likely to zero in on a sensational crime story or celebrity gossip. The word tabloid has come to be associated with supermarket checkout aisle papers, such as the National Enquirer, that focus on splashy, lurid stories about celebrities, but tabloids such as the Daily News, the Chicago Sun-Times, and the Boston Herald focus on serious, hard-hitting journalism. In Britain, tabloid papers- also known as red tops for their front-page banners- tend to be racier and more sensational than their American counterparts. The type of unscrupulous reporting methods employed by some tabs led to the ​phone-hacking scandal and closing of the News of the World, one of Britains biggest tabs, and resulted in calls for greater regulation of the British press. What Are Broadsheets? Broadsheet refers to the most common newspaper format, which is typically around 15 inches wide to 20 or more inches long in the U.S., though sizes vary around the world. Broadsheet papers tend to feature six columns and employ a traditional approach to newsgathering  that emphasizes in-depth coverage and a sober writing tone in articles and editorials aimed at fairly affluent, educated readers. Many of the nations most respected,  influential newspapers- The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal, for example- are broadsheet papers. In recent years many broadsheets have been reduced in size to cut printing costs. For instance, The New York Times was narrowed by 1 1/2 inches in 2008. Other broadsheet papers, including USA Today, The Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post, also have been trimmed. Broadsheets and Tabloids Today Newspapers, whether broadsheets or tabloids, are experiencing difficult times these days. Readership has slipped for all newspapers as many readers have turned to the Internet for up-to-the-minute news from a variety of online sources, often for free. For example, AOL, an Internet portal, offers online news ranging from mass shootings and Supreme Court decisions to sports and weather, all at no charge. CNN, the Cable News Network, is known mostly for on-air coverage of domestic and international issues, but it also has a well-established website that provides free articles and video clips of major domestic and foreign news. Its difficult for broadsheets and tabloids to compete with organizations providing such wide-ranging, cost-free coverage, especially when papers have traditionally charged readers for access to their news and information stories. Between 2000 and 2015, annual advertising revenue at all U.S. newspapers, both tabloids, and broadsheets, tumbled from $60 billion to $20 billion, according to The Atlantic. A Pew Research Center study noted that circulation for all U.S. newspapers has fallen annually for the past three decades, including an 8% decline between 2015 and 2016. The Pew Center study did note that The New York Times added more than 500,000 online subscriptions in 2016, a nearly 50 percent jump from the previous year. In that same period, The Wall Street Journal gained more than 150,000 digital subscriptions, a 23 percent rise. Internet Forces Changes The online versions of these broadsheets, however, are more tabloid-like in format; they have flashier headlines, attention-grabbing color, and more graphics than the print editions. The New York Times online edition is four columns wide, similar to a tabloid format, though the second column tends to be wider than the other three. The main headline for The Times online edition of June 20, 2018, was: Trump Retreats After Border Outcry, which was splashed in flashy italic type above a main story and several sidebars about the public debate over a U.S. policy that separated parents seeking to enter the country from their children. The print edition for the same day- which, of course, was one news cycle behind the online edition- featured a much more sedate headline for its main story: GOP Moves to End Trumps Family Separation Policy, but Cant Agree How. As readers gravitate toward briefer stories and instant access to news via the Internet, more broadsheets may begin to adopt tabloid formats online. The push seems to be to capture readers attention with tabloid techniques instead of relying on a more in-depth, broadsheet-like, serious tone.

Ikea-ERP Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ikea-ERP Management Information Systems - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that IKEA leads in the world as a furniture retailer dealing with home appliances, ready-to-assemble furniture and accessories. The company has over 313 stores and operates in more than thirty-eight countries. IKEA launched a project aimed at introducing a Geographical Information System (GIS) into the wood sourcing system of the company in the year 2007. The problems that the GIS aimed to solve involved; availability of forest resource data on sub-country resource level, and region of origin in wood tracing. Using the GIS, the company could solve problems by getting the data, inputting into computers and storing them for reference and retrieval by the managers and other workers interested in using them. Implementation of the GIS by IKEA The company developed a forest tracing system for the regions of origin. According to IKEA, the region of origin referred to a unit of the territorial division of a country, which the company suppliers refere nced in the declarations of wood origin. The territory, in this case, was a forest management unit or had an administrative status. The company failed in the implementation of the system in that there was no clear definition of boundaries of the territories. In addition, the company’s forestry policy implementation failed due to lack of clear characteristics of the territorial divisions chosen. There was not enough information about the forest resources of the territories leading to failure in the implementation of the system. If the units were smaller than they are, data management would have been easy. However, as we have seen, the company used large areas and thus the territories were large. This made reporting from such units irrelevant and reduction in the credibility of doing so. In this case, the suppliers had problems in using the division structure to separate wood flows. Furthermore, there was a large variation in territorial sizes in both territorial division units and territorial divisions of a country. The forest resource, data availability at regional levels should be according to tree species groups or tree species. However, the company failed to implement the system according to this criterion. There was a lack of crucial statistical information such as growing stock and cuttings in some cases. For example, Romania had no reliable data giving the growing stock in the region. These problems, therefore, lead to generalizations. For instance, the data on three groups rather than on individual tree species leads to complete uncertainty and thus difficulties in using GIS successfully. The GIS functionality According to the IKEA Company, there could be three users of the GIS. These users include the forestry staff, suppliers and buyers. The forest staff was to use the technology in the following ways: 1. Entering, visualizing and editing the data of forest tracing system and that of wood procurement planning 2. Performing risk assessment at th e regional level defined for the purposes of audit planning 3. Obtaining summaries of the wood volume from wood procurement planning and forest tracing data 4. Exporting and saving tables, maps, wood procurement planning, and forest tracing data.